The key difference between Homo and Lumo is that the HOMO donates electrons whereas the LUMO receives electrons.
The terms HOMO and LUMO are under the subtopic “molecular orbital theory” in general chemistry. The term HOMO stands for “highest occupied molecular orbital” while the term LUMO stands for “lowest unoccupied molecular orbital”. We call them “frontier orbitals”. A molecular orbital gives the most probable location of an electron in an atom. Molecular orbitals form from the combination of atomic orbitals of two separate atoms in order to share their electrons. This electron sharing forms a covalent bond between the atoms. When forming these molecular orbitals, they split into two forms as HOMO and LUMO.
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CONTENTS
1. Overview and Key Difference
2. What is Homo
3. What is Lumo
4. Side by Side Comparison – Homo vs Lumo in Tabular Form
5. Summary
What is Homo?
HOMO stands for highest occupied molecular orbital. The electrons in these molecular orbitals can be donated to the LUMO type molecular orbitals. This is because these molecular orbitals contain weakly attached electrons. These molecular orbitals are the most available form for covalent chemical bonding. The presence of these molecular orbitals is characteristic for nucleophilic substances.
- The Lumo Lift addresses a metric that few other wearable fitness trackers up to this point have, that being your posture. Whether that's perfectly upright, or slightly slouchy.
- Lumo Lift also suffers from the predictable and unavoidable fate of single-use wearable devices; it's convenient, unobtrusive, and so very easy to forget all about.
HOMO has low energy. Therefore, electrons tend to hold in these molecular orbitals; because electrons try to fill into the low energy levels first. This is why we call them “occupied orbitals”. Moreover, in the presence of light, electron excitations can donate electrons from HOMO to LUMO.
What is Lumo?
LUMO stands for lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. These molecular orbitals can receive electrons from HOMO. As its name implies, these orbitals are unoccupied; thus, contains no electrons. This is because the energy of these orbitals is very high and electrons tend to occupy in low energy levels first. Apart from that, these molecular orbitals are characteristic for electrophilic substances.
Figure 01: The Electrons transfer from HOMO to LUMO
Moreover, if we provide light energy, the electrons of HOMO can get excited and move to LUMO. That’s why we say that LUMO can receive electrons.
What is the Difference Between Homo and Lumo?
HOMO stands for highest occupied molecular orbital while the term LUMO stands for lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Both these forms of orbitals are important in covalent chemical bonding, especially in pi bond formation. As the key difference between Homo and Lumo, we can say that the HOMO can donate electrons whereas the LUMO can receive electrons. Moreover, the presence of HOMO is characteristic for nucleophiles while the presence of LUMO is characteristic for electrophiles.
The below infographic presents more details on the difference between Homo and Lumo.
Summary -Homo vs Lumo
The frontier molecular orbital theory explains the formation of HOMO and LUMO type molecular orbitals. Though there are several differences between these two types, the key difference between Homo and Lumo is that Homo donates electrons whereas Lumo receives electrons.
Reference:
1. Hunt, Ian R. “Ch 10: Introduction to MO Theory.” Ch 13 – NMR Basics. Available here
2. “Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory.” ACID_BASE INDICATORS, Henry Rzepa. Available here
Image Courtesy:
1.”Molecule HOMO-LUMO diagram”By Tomgally (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia
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Q:I, like everyone within eyeshot in my office, am currently slouched over my computer and know my neck and shoulders pitch forward when I stand. I've recently seen a number of posture-correction devices online, from simple mesh straps you put on under your clothes to full-on digital wearables with companion apps. Do any of these actually work? Or is there no substitute for proper stretching and conditioning?
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A: Here's the very short answer: Save your money and teach yourself how to sit up straight.
Lumo Vs Upright
And here's the longer one: Good posture is important. Having it can save you from a whole host of problems, preventing back pain and muscle strain, among others. Plus, it “contributes to a good appearance,” and of course we all want that. You can find a plethora of devices, including a couple of “smart” ones, that supposedly help you to sit up straight. Supposedly.
The two smart devices, the Lumo Lift and the Upright, function in about the same way. The Lumo Lift is a little sensor that goes on your upper body somewhere and fastens with a magnet through your clothes. It vibrates when it senses that you’re slouching. If you lift your head and push your shoulders back, it stops. It works with an app that tracks this behavior, similar to a fitness tracker. The Upright, meanwhile, is a device that sticks to your back, right on your skin; other than that, it does the same thing as the Lumo Lift. Both devices have mixed reviews on Amazon, as well as F grades on Fakespot. (Using Fakespot is a good way to find fake or compensated reviews, as we discuss here.)
The non-smart posture devices mostly consist of a strap that goes across your back and pulls your shoulders up. They cost around $20 to $30, which is a steal next to the prices of the smart devices: The Lumo Lift is $80, and the Upright is $130.
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Unfortunately, I couldn’t find any scientific studies on these posture devices, smart or otherwise, so we don't have good data on whether they really work. But here’s an option that’s free: Teach yourself to sit up straight while you’re at your desk. The Cleveland Clinic has some good tips for finding a correct sitting position, and here are some exercises you can do to improve your posture. It’s also crucial to make sure that you’re not straining your back and neck in front of your computer, but you can set up your workstation (or your laptop) to help minimize that problem. One of the most important things you can do in that regard is to make sure that your monitor is at the right level for your eyeballs; we have recommendations for monitor arms and laptop stands if you need help. (And if you need these things for your work setup, ask if your company will cover the cost. Healthy employees are more productive employees, after all.) Stacks of books work for raising computers to the correct height, too.
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If you need reminders to sit up straight, try setting them on your phone, or setting a Slackbot if you use Slack chat. I use the latter for reminders to walk around the block every hour. Although it’s annoying, it works for me—well, 75 percent of the time. And it does have a snooze function.
The Wirecutter’s editors answer reader questions all the time (much more than once a week). Send an email to notes@thewirecutter.com, or talk to us on Twitter and Facebook. Published questions are edited for space and clarity.
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